How Trump’s ‘One Big Beautiful Bill’ will negatively impact most Americans after congress officially passes it

President Donald Trump’s “One Big, Beautiful Bill” passed through the House on July 3 with a tight 218–214 vote and is set to be signed on July 4. While Trump supporters celebrate its sweeping tax cuts, defense boosts, and stricter border measures, critics highlight its heavy toll on social services, national debt, and minority rights.

A central feature of the bill is a $4.5 trillion extension of Trump’s 2017 tax cuts. Wealthy Americans and large businesses will benefit the most, though middle-income earners, tip workers, and seniors earning under $75k may also see some tax relief.

The bill slashes over $1 trillion from Medicaid and imposes new work requirements on those receiving food stamps and healthcare. Experts warn that this could lead to 12 million Americans losing coverage by 2034.

On immigration, $100 billion is being allocated to ICE and detention centers, along with $45 billion for new border fencing and infrastructure, escalating Trump’s hardline stance on immigration enforcement.

Environmental policy is also being rolled back. Funding for clean energy has been severely reduced, signaling a major departure from the Biden administration’s climate initiatives.

Defense spending will increase significantly, with $150 billion going toward projects like the ‘Golden Dome’ missile system, reflecting a focus on military strength.

Although earlier versions of the bill threatened transgender healthcare, a ban on Medicaid coverage for gender-affirming care for minors was removed before passage. Trump called the bill transformational, claiming it will launch the country “like a rocket ship.”